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- factorial - Why does 0! = 1? - Mathematics Stack Exchange
The theorem that $\binom {n} {k} = \frac {n!} {k! (n-k)!}$ already assumes $0!$ is defined to be $1$ Otherwise this would be restricted to $0 <k < n$ A reason that we do define $0!$ to be $1$ is so that we can cover those edge cases with the same formula, instead of having to treat them separately We treat binomial coefficients like $\binom {5} {6}$ separately already; the theorem assumes
- When 0 is multiplied with infinity, what is the result?
What I would say is that you can multiply any non-zero number by infinity and get either infinity or negative infinity as long as it isn't used in any mathematical proof Because multiplying by infinity is the equivalent of dividing by 0 When you allow things like that in proofs you end up with nonsense like 1 = 0 Multiplying 0 by infinity is the equivalent of 0 0 which is undefined
- Who first defined truth as adæquatio rei et intellectus?
António Manuel Martins claims (@44:41 of his lecture quot;Fonseca on Signs quot;) that the origin of what is now called the correspondence theory of truth, Veritas est adæquatio rei et intellectus
- trigonometry - Why are angles in degrees converted into degrees . . .
As an example, I downloaded some GPS data from my camera the other day in which I found numbers like $4215 983 $ This turned out to represent $42$ degrees and $15 983$ minutes If you go to a particular latitude and longitude on Google Maps it will show the latitude and longitude both in degrees with a decimal fraction and also in degrees, minutes, and seconds with a decimal fraction
- Possible references for semigroup approach to Markov processes
Although I'm not anything remotely close to an expert (quite the opposite really), it seems to me that the standard reference for the kind of things you're looking for is the book Markov Processes: Characterization and Convergence by Ethier and Kurtz, which studies Markov processes through the lens of operator semigroups in a systematic (and very general) way For a "friendlier" and more
- life - What is an optimal lifestyle for a philosopher? - Philosophy . . .
In the 7th letter, Plato mentions that inhabitants of Sicily follow a lifestyle incompatible with philosophy, and such sharp criticism arguably led to an invasion Socrates also emphasizes lifestyl
- What is the difference between Fourier series and Fourier . . .
What's the difference between Fourier transformations and Fourier Series? Are they the same, where a transformation is just used when its applied (i e not used in pure mathematics)?
- What is the core issue with liking something or liking to like . . .
As the title says, what is exactly the battle between something you like, something you hate and something you 'like to like' ? Let's just say, Martin is a very bright student, in 5th grade, he sol
- What are the criteria for bad faith questions?
The main criteria is that it be asked in bad faith ;-) I'm not entirely insincere: The question is rather how can we tell that, and a big part of the answer is "context"; it's not mainly the question itself
- linear algebra - Ridge Regression - Mathematics Stack Exchange
Does anyone know how to justify or prove that the statement quot;ridge estimators of regression coefficients are always unbiased quot; is false? That was my first question, second, can you help me
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